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Ocean science news, explainers, and statistics covering marine environments, currents, climate, coasts, seafloor research, and the changing global ocean.

Ocean upwelling

What Causes Ocean Waters to Rise From Below

The ocean may look calm on the surface, but beneath it lies a dynamic world of constant motion. Water doesn’t just move across the seas. Some currents travel horizontally across vast distances, while others sink deep or rise upward. When deeper water moves toward the surface, most scientists called this process upwelling. This plays an…

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Open ocean water surface

Why Is the Ocean Salty?

Take a sip of seawater and your mouth gets the answer before your brain does. The ocean holds a huge load of dissolved minerals and that gives it its sharp, familiar taste. For a question that sounds almost childlike, the real answer stretches across rainstorms, rivers, deep cracks in the seafloor and spans of time…

Ocean water surface under sunlight

How Rising Acidity Changes Ocean Water

The ocean looks steady from the shore. Under the surface, though, it is constantly trading gases with the air above it. That exchange has always been part of Earth’s rhythm. What’s changed is the amount of carbon dioxide we’re adding to the atmosphere and how much of it the sea is taking in. That matters…

Low oxygen ocean

What Low Oxygen Does in the Sea

The sea looks full of motion. Waves roll. Fish flash by. Plankton bloom and vanish. Beneath all that movement sits a quiet requirement, dissolved oxygen. Every breathless patch of water changes the rules for life below the surface. Scientists have a striking phrase for the recent shift. In one 2024 paper, researchers wrote that the…