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Orbital science, astronomy, remote sensing, and what lies beyond the atmosphere.

Doctor examines brain MRI scans closely for medical diagnosis in a hospital environment

MRI scans from 26 astronauts showed the brain shifting backward and upward after spaceflight, with one-year missions moving a motor region 2.52 millimeters, larger insula shifts linking to worse balance and much of the distortion easing through six months back on Earth

A few millimeters of movement inside the skull can reveal how the brain changes position after a long mission. A new set of MRI measurements found that 26 astronauts came back from space with brains shifted higher and farther back in the head and the biggest regional movement appeared in people who had spent about…

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Virtual reality brain experiment

Realistic Mars rover tasks in virtual reality trigger stronger brain activation than simpler cognitive tests

Twenty healthy adults showed stronger brain activation while carrying out realistic Mars rover tasks in virtual reality than while completing simpler tests aimed at the same mental skills. The result suggests that mission-like training recruits the brain more broadly, which could help researchers design exercises for astronauts traveling far from Earth. The 2026 study, published…

Astronaut sleep isolation

Six people spent four months in space-like isolation, and one sleepless night produced the strongest autonomic strain

Long voyages beyond Earth will demand clear thinking even when sleep is interrupted by alarms, urgent cargo work, or changing mission plans. A four-month isolation experiment found that healthy crew members handled brief sleep interruptions with relatively stable nervous system activity, while a full night without sleep produced the strongest physical strain. The 2026 study,…