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Water science news, explainers, and statistics covering freshwater, hydrology, lakes, rivers, groundwater, ice, and Earth’s connected water systems.

Undersea volcano island

Volcanoes Beneath the Sea Form New Land

Far beneath the ocean’s surface, hidden from view, powerful forces are constantly reshaping our planet. Most of Earth’s volcanic activity happens out of sight, deep under the ocean. In these hidden places, new crust is constantly forming while older rock splits apart and hot magma rises from below. This ongoing movement shows that our planet…

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Ocean microplastics

How Microplastics Mix With Pollution in the Ocean

The ocean is full of motion. Currents sweep across basins, waves grind coastlines and tiny fragments of human-made material drift through it all. Some of those fragments are now so small that they pass through water, sediment and living tissue with ease. They also pick up other contaminants along the way, which turns a simple…

Mercury in fish

Why Heavy Metals Build Up in Ocean Food Chains

The ocean has a quiet way of concentrating trouble. Tiny traces of metal can drift through water at levels so low they seem almost meaningless, then end up packed into the bodies of fish, squid, seals and the hunters that eat them. By the time those atoms reach the top of the marine menu, they…

Green algal bloom in coastal water

How Extra Nutrients Trigger Algal Blooms

A slick of bright green on a lake can look almost unreal. Seen from shore it can pass for paint, pollen, or a strange summer stain. In water, though, that color often marks a sudden population boom, one driven by the same ingredients that help crops and lawns grow. Algae and cyanobacteria need light and…