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Warming trends, resilience, forecasting, and the data behind a changing climate.

Mesmerizing view of bioluminescent waves crashing at Newport Beach during the night

What Is Bioluminescence?

Bioluminescence is visible light made directly by a living organism. It produces the blue sparks that sometimes outline breaking waves and the points of light recorded around deep-sea animals. The glow comes from a chemical reaction rather than stored sunlight and marine species use it to communicate, find food or avoid being eaten. NOAA’s definition…

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Colorful coral reef with diverse marine life in an aquarium setting

Where Do Corals Live?

Corals live from tropical shallows bright with sunlight to cold seafloor more than a kilometer deep. The familiar reef-building species occupy only one part of that range. Other corals grow in dim middle depths or complete darkness, where they catch food from moving water instead of depending on photosynthetic partners. The NOAA coral distribution page…

A colorful underwater coral reef with a spotted fish, showcasing vivid marine life

What Animals Live in Coral Reefs?

Coral reefs hold far more than bright reef fish. The coral builders are animals themselves and their branching, boulder-like or plated colonies create shelter for creatures that crawl, swim, burrow and graze. A single reef can connect microscopic plankton with large predators through many overlapping food relationships. A NOAA account describes fish, lobsters, clams, seahorses,…

Colorful coral reef teeming with marine life under the clear blue ocean

Why Coral Reefs Matter to the Economy

Coral reefs occupy a small fraction of the seafloor, yet the activity around them reaches fishing boats, coastal businesses and homes exposed to waves. Their value comes from several real services rather than a single price tag. A living reef produces habitat for harvestable species, draws visitors and weakens incoming wave energy before it reaches…