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Human performance, public health, biology, and the science of living well.

A professional scuba diver swimming underwater

Twelve professional divers spent 20 minutes at 10 meters and their cortisol climbed while sustained attention and response speed slipped soon after they surfaced

Twelve professional scuba divers completed a short dive to 10 meters, then showed slower responses, weaker sustained attention, more mental fatigue and higher cortisol soon after they came back up. The study points to a brief window after surfacing when mental sharpness may dip, even in people who work underwater on a regular basis. Researchers…

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Face immersion cold water

People with panic disorder put their faces in cold water before a carbon dioxide challenge and later reported less anxiety, while their breathing sensitivity stayed unchanged

A small human study found that a brief spell of cold facial immersion did not measurably blunt later breathing sensitivity to a carbon dioxide challenge, yet it still eased how distressed some participants felt afterward. For people with panic disorder, that split result is important because panic often rises when the body suddenly feels short…