Eight astronauts had 1,718 blood proteins measured during long missions, and 153 changed as muscle, bone, lipid and brain-related pathways adapted
Eleven faint signals in astronaut blood may offer a new way to follow how muscles, bones and fat-related chemistry respond to months in microgravity. Researchers found the proteins by using engineered nanoparticles to capture molecules that ordinary blood tests can easily miss. The peer-reviewed study, published April 22, 2026, in Frontiers in Physiology, examined blood…








