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Water science news, explainers, and statistics covering freshwater, hydrology, lakes, rivers, groundwater, ice, and Earth’s connected water systems.

Eroding coastline

Why Some Coastlines Wear Away Faster Than Others

Stand on two beaches just a few miles apart and the contrast can be striking. One may look wide, calm and stable, while the other shows crumbling cliffs, damaged dunes and waves steadily eating away at the land. Coastlines sit where water is always moving and land is often loose, so even small differences can…

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Mercury in fish

Why Heavy Metals Build Up in Ocean Food Chains

The ocean has a quiet way of concentrating trouble. Tiny traces of metal can drift through water at levels so low they seem almost meaningless, then end up packed into the bodies of fish, squid, seals and the hunters that eat them. By the time those atoms reach the top of the marine menu, they…

Green algal bloom in coastal water

How Extra Nutrients Trigger Algal Blooms

A slick of bright green on a lake can look almost unreal. Seen from shore it can pass for paint, pollen, or a strange summer stain. In water, though, that color often marks a sudden population boom, one driven by the same ingredients that help crops and lawns grow. Algae and cyanobacteria need light and…

Green red sea

Why Some Coastal Waters Turn Green or Red

Seen from a beach, coastal water can look like it changes moods overnight. One week it glows blue-green in the sun. A few days later it turns murky olive, rusty brown, or even a startling brick red. Those shifts can feel dramatic because they are dramatic. They reveal a moving mix of life, light, sediment…