# Water - ARGO.net Science

> Water science news, explainers, and statistics covering freshwater, hydrology, lakes, rivers, groundwater, ice, and Earth’s connected water systems.

Canonical URL: https://www.argo.net/water/
RSS feed: https://www.argo.net/water/feed/

## Published Stories

- [A 30-second message telling Oregon beach visitors they could help move other people to act raised climate-action intent in a 2,414-person field experiment, while warnings about ocean acidification and appeals to coastal attachment produced no detectable lift and did not change the final sticker choice meant to mimic real-world follow-through](https://www.argo.net/a-30-second-message-telling-oregon-beach-visitors-they-could-help-move-other-people-to-act-raised-climate-action-intent-in-a-2414-person-field-experiment-while-warnings-about-ocean-acidification-and/index.html.md): 2026-08-15 - Thirty seconds was enough for researchers to measure a small shift in what people said they might do next about climate and ocean change, but only when the...
- [Marine reserve trips left 228 tourists with two distinct paths toward conservation, as awe tracked the easier promises to recycle and save resources while nature connection aligned more strongly with donating, volunteering and asking others to stop harming the coast](https://www.argo.net/marine-reserve-trips-left-228-tourists-with-two-distinct-paths-toward-conservation-as-awe-tracked-the-easier-promises-to-recycle-and-save-resources-while-nature-connection-aligned-more-strongly-with/index.html.md): 2026-08-15 - One of the study's central puzzles was simple enough for any traveler to recognize. People can come home from a striking day in nature feeling amazed, calmer and...
- [Across 138 volunteers, as few as 10 to 21 litter items on a beach scene were enough to lower calm, happiness and the sense of restoration people expected from the coast and the sharpest drop came when the mess looked like careless public behavior instead of working gear from fishing](https://www.argo.net/across-138-volunteers-as-few-as-10-to-21-litter-items-on-a-beach-scene-were-enough-to-lower-calm-happiness-and-the-sense-of-restoration-people-expected-from-the-coast-and-the-sharpest-drop-came-when/index.html.md): 2026-08-14 - A clean shore can feel like a reset button, yet this study found that the feeling is fragile. When researchers added small amounts of debris to beach photographs,...
- [Seventy-six volunteers stood through six moving-water tests and the people with more storm experience judged the current more accurately while deeper, faster water still pushed risk upward around their bodies](https://www.argo.net/seventy-six-volunteers-stood-through-six-moving-water-tests-and-the-people-with-more-storm-experience-judged-the-current-more-accurately-while-deeper-faster-water-still-pushed-risk-upward-around-thei/index.html.md): 2026-08-14 - Seventy-six young adults stepped into a water flume, faced six combinations of depth and speed and then had to answer two simple questions: how fast is this water...
- [Seven hundred seventeen Scottish open-water swimmers said mental wellbeing outranked physical gains in every surveyed age group except over 65 and a national study found that lake swimmers were also more likely than sea or river swimmers to worry about environmental damage](https://www.argo.net/seven-hundred-seventeen-scottish-open-water-swimmers-said-mental-wellbeing-outranked-physical-gains-in-every-surveyed-age-group-except-over-65-and-a-national-study-found-that-lake-swimmers-were-also-m/index.html.md): 2026-08-14 - Open water swimming has gained a reputation as a tough outdoor habit, yet a national Scottish survey suggests many swimmers value it most for how it affects the...
- [College students who scored higher on ocean literacy in a survey of 1,206 students were more likely to report stronger pro-environmental behavior and the main psychological bridge ran through a growing sense of marine responsibility while personal values added a second path from knowledge to action](https://www.argo.net/college-students-who-scored-higher-on-ocean-literacy-in-a-survey-of-1206-students-were-more-likely-to-report-stronger-pro-environmental-behavior-and-the-main-psychological-bridge-ran-through-a-growin/index.html.md): 2026-08-12 - A survey linked ocean knowledge with everyday environmental behavior A Frontiers in Psychology study asked 1,206 university students how much they knew about the ocean, how strongly they...
- [More than 1,500 UK readers saw nine versions of a dolphin bycatch story and support for fishery rules rose when consumers shared responsibility with industry, even though readers’ own seafood plans barely changed](https://www.argo.net/more-than-1500-uk-readers-saw-nine-versions-of-a-dolphin-bycatch-story-and-support-for-fishery-rules-rose-when-consumers-shared-responsibility-with-industry-even-though-readers-own-seafood-plans-b/index.html.md): 2026-08-09 - The striking result in this Conservation Biology study is that the same conservation problem moved public policy attitudes more easily than personal dinner plans. Researchers asked 1,548 people...
- [People living near the North American Great Lakes had lower rates of anxiety and mood-disorder hospitalization, but the pattern weakened around smaller inland lakes, raising new questions about size, access and daily exposure](https://www.argo.net/people-living-near-the-north-american-great-lakes-had-lower-rates-of-anxiety-and-mood-disorder-hospitalization-but-the-pattern-weakened-around-smaller-inland-lakes-raising-new-questions-about-size/index.html.md): 2026-08-05 - The Great Lakes already shape daily life for tens of millions of people through drinking water, transport and weather. A 2019 ecological study added another possibility to that...
- [A survey of 1,691 California residents found that distance from the coast, race and practical access barriers changed who reported receiving the ocean’s strongest wellbeing benefits from time beside the water](https://www.argo.net/a-survey-of-1691-california-residents-found-that-distance-from-the-coast-race-and-practical-access-barriers-changed-who-reported-receiving-the-oceans-strongest-wellbeing-benefits-from-time-beside/index.html.md): 2026-08-04 - California's coast is famous for public beaches, marine life and a long legal promise of access. A new study argues that the promise lands unevenly in real life....
- [Forty-one military veterans entered a weeklong ocean surf therapy study and the smaller groups who completed paired follow-up surveys still showed lower depression and PTSD scores 30 days later](https://www.argo.net/forty-one-military-veterans-entered-a-weeklong-ocean-surf-therapy-study-and-the-smaller-groups-who-completed-paired-follow-up-surveys-still-showed-lower-depression-and-ptsd-scores-30-days-later/index.html.md): 2026-08-03 - Forty-one U.S. military veterans joined a weeklong ocean surf therapy program and among the smaller groups who completed matched surveys, depression and post-traumatic stress scores stayed below starting...
- [A survey of 1,226 U.S. adults found 27 percent felt overwhelmed by ocean decline and the same anxiety tracked stronger conservation concern and reported action](https://www.argo.net/a-survey-of-1226-u-s-adults-found-27-percent-felt-overwhelmed-by-ocean-decline-and-the-same-anxiety-tracked-stronger-conservation-concern-and-reported-action/index.html.md): 2026-08-03 - By asking adults how ocean decline made them feel, a study in Frontiers in Psychology found a striking split in public reaction. In a nationally standardized U.S. sample...
- [Colorado River Reservoir Levels Today](https://www.argo.net/colorado-river-reservoir-levels-today/index.html.md): 2026-08-01 - Compare the latest water-surface elevations, storage volumes, and approximate seven-day changes at Lakes Powell, Mead, Mohave, and Havasu.
- [Coral Bleaching Heat Stress Today](https://www.argo.net/coral-bleaching-heat-stress-today/index.html.md): 2026-08-01 - Explore NOAA’s latest global coral bleaching heat-stress maps, including HotSpots, Degree Heating Weeks, and Bleaching Alert Areas.
- [Coastal and Marine Alerts Today](https://www.argo.net/coastal-marine-alerts-today/index.html.md): 2026-08-01 - Browse active NOAA marine alerts across U.S. coastal and offshore waters, ordered by severity with affected areas and expiration times.
- [Tropical Storms and Hurricanes Today](https://www.argo.net/tropical-storms-hurricanes-today/index.html.md): 2026-08-01 - See active tropical storms and hurricanes in NOAA’s current summary, including maximum winds, pressure, position, movement, and links to official forecasts.
- [Sargassum hit 27 million metric tons in July as a giant Atlantic bloom kept beaches buried](https://www.argo.net/sargassum-hit-27-million-metric-tons-in-july-as-a-giant-atlantic-bloom-kept-beaches-buried/index.html.md): 2026-08-01 - Researchers at the University of South Florida had already warned in their June 30 Sargassum Watch bulletin that 2026 was on track to become at least the second-largest...
- [Living mesophotic coral garden found off Benin](https://www.argo.net/living-mesophotic-coral-garden-found-off-benin/index.html.md): 2026-08-01 - A Frontiers study reports the first confirmed visual evidence of a living mesophotic coral garden on the Benin continental shelf. Researchers surveyed the Gulf of Guinea shelf in...
- [Marine heatwaves can run much hotter by day than standard ocean monitoring shows](https://www.argo.net/marine-heatwaves-can-run-much-hotter-by-day-than-standard-ocean-monitoring-shows/index.html.md): 2026-08-01 - A Communications Earth & Environment study led by researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University found that marine heatwaves often produce stronger daytime surface extremes than standard monitoring captures....
- [Young white sharks fled a San Diego nursery during Tropical Storm Hilary](https://www.argo.net/young-white-sharks-fled-a-san-diego-nursery-during-tropical-storm-hilary/index.html.md): 2026-08-01 - A Movement Ecology study found that juvenile white sharks temporarily abandoned a San Diego nursery when Tropical Storm Hilary hit Southern California on August 20, 2023. Researchers from...
- [Aquatic oxygen loss is emerging as a planetary boundary risk](https://www.argo.net/aquatic-oxygen-loss-is-emerging-as-a-planetary-boundary-risk/index.html.md): 2026-08-01 - A study in Limnology and Oceanography argues that aquatic deoxygenation has become serious enough to track alongside the Earth system limits that define a safe operating space for...
- [River Levels Today](https://www.argo.net/river-levels-today/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - Latest USGS gauge height and discharge at eight representative major U.S. river stations, with provisional-data and flood-safety context.
- [Great Lakes Conditions Today](https://www.argo.net/great-lakes-conditions-today/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - NOAA’s daily Great Lakes surface temperature and ice analysis, plus lakewide averages for Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario.
- [Tides and Coastal Water Levels Today](https://www.argo.net/tides-and-coastal-water-levels-today/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - Current NOAA coastal water-level observations and the next predicted high and low tides at eight U.S. stations, with datum and safety context.
- [Ocean Conditions Today](https://www.argo.net/ocean-conditions-today/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - Frequently refreshed NOAA buoy observations for offshore water temperature, significant wave height, wave period, and wind across seven representative stations.
- [Global Sea Surface Temperature Today](https://www.argo.net/global-sea-surface-temperature-today/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - Daily NOAA global sea surface temperature and anomaly maps, with visible source timestamps and a clear guide to reading satellite ocean data.
- [What is the largest lake in Texas?](https://www.argo.net/what-is-the-largest-lake-in-texas/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - Built across the Sabine River, Toledo Bend Reservoir spreads across 181,600 acres at its conservation pool. That is about 284 square miles, making it the largest reservoir in...
- [Why Lake Conroe can be dangerous](https://www.argo.net/why-lake-conroe-can-be-dangerous/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - Risk builds quickly on Lake Conroe when a busy channel meets poor visibility or a fast-moving storm. The reservoir draws boaters along with people who come to fish...
- [How deep is Lake Winnipesaukee?](https://www.argo.net/how-deep-is-lake-winnipesaukee/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - Lake Winnipesaukee reaches 180 feet (55 meters) at its deepest known point. That is roughly the height of a 14-story building. Across the entire lake, however, the average...
- [Flathead Lake reaches 370.7 feet deep](https://www.argo.net/flathead-lake-reaches-370-7-feet-deep/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - Flathead Lake's depth helps govern how its water stores heat and mixes through the seasons. The lake reaches 370.7 feet (113 meters) at its deepest mapped point. Its...
- [Why Lake Keowee can be dangerous](https://www.argo.net/why-lake-keowee-can-be-dangerous/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - Water that looks calm from a Lake Keowee cove can become deep within a few steps. A fall from a boat can add cold shock before a swimmer...
- [Lake Tahoe is natural, with a regulated outlet](https://www.argo.net/lake-tahoe-is-natural-with-a-regulated-outlet/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - Lake Tahoe looks so vast and deep that a dam seems almost irrelevant, yet gates at its outlet influence when water enters the Truckee River. The lake itself...
- [How deep is Lake George?](https://www.argo.net/how-deep-is-lake-george/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - Lake George is deep enough for its underwater landscape to affect boating and water circulation. Aquatic habitat changes with depth as well. The best short answer is about...
- [Why Lake Pleasant can be dangerous](https://www.argo.net/why-lake-pleasant-can-be-dangerous/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - A desert reservoir can look calm from shore while conditions on the water are already changing. At Lake Pleasant, the greatest danger is drowning. It often begins when...
- [How deep is Lake Norman?](https://www.argo.net/how-deep-is-lake-norman/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - Lake Norman is deep enough to hide former river channels between submerged slopes beneath its surface. The simplest answer is that the lake averages about 25 feet deep...
- [Filtered water vs. distilled water: How they differ](https://www.argo.net/filtered-water-vs-distilled-water-how-they-differ/index.html.md): 2026-07-31 - A bottle labeled "filtered" can seem interchangeable with one labeled "distilled," yet the water reached that bottle by a different route. Filtered water passes through material that holds...
- [How much water is used to power a lightbulb?](https://www.argo.net/how-much-water-is-used-to-power-a-lightbulb/index.html.md): 2026-07-30 - Every hour a light stays on creates a small water demand somewhere in the electricity system. For a 9-watt LED used for three hours, an illustrative U.S. estimate...
- [How many gallons of water does a dishwasher use?](https://www.argo.net/how-many-gallons-of-water-does-a-dishwasher-use/index.html.md): 2026-07-30 - Every dishwasher load draws several gallons from a home's water supply, yet a modern machine can wash a full rack with less water than many people send down...
- [How boiling water affects chlorine](https://www.argo.net/how-boiling-water-affects-chlorine/index.html.md): 2026-07-30 - Boiling can reduce the chlorine smell in tap water, but the outcome depends on the disinfectant flowing from the faucet. Heat helps ordinary free chlorine leave water, while...
- [Can you drink water from a dehumidifier?](https://www.argo.net/can-you-drink-water-from-a-dehumidifier/index.html.md): 2026-07-30 - Clear water in a dehumidifier bucket can look surprisingly pure. Yet the safe answer is simple: do not drink dehumidifier water. A household dehumidifier is built to control...
- [Can you drink softened water?](https://www.argo.net/can-you-drink-softened-water/index.html.md): 2026-07-30 - A glass filled from a softened tap may look and taste much like any other drinking water. For many healthy adults, an occasional glass is unlikely to be...
- [How deep is Lake Lanier at full pool?](https://www.argo.net/how-deep-is-lake-lanier-at-full-pool/index.html.md): 2026-07-30 - Lake Lanier reaches about 160 feet deep at its deepest point when the water surface is at the reservoir's full summer level of 1,071 feet. That maximum occurs...
- [Why hot water looks cloudy](https://www.argo.net/why-hot-water-looks-cloudy/index.html.md): 2026-07-30 - Open a hot-water tap and clear water can suddenly look as if someone mixed in a splash of milk. In many homes, the haze comes from tiny air...
- [What is the pH of distilled water?](https://www.argo.net/what-is-the-ph-of-distilled-water/index.html.md): 2026-07-30 - Distilled water has a pH of 7 when it is pure and free of dissolved carbon dioxide. The usual benchmark also assumes a temperature near 25 degrees Celsius...
- [What is non-potable water?](https://www.argo.net/what-is-non-potable-water/index.html.md): 2026-07-30 - Water can be useful even when it hasn't been prepared for drinking. A building may collect rain from its roof or capture lightly used water from sinks. Another...
- [How long a water softener can last](https://www.argo.net/how-long-a-water-softener-can-last/index.html.md): 2026-07-30 - A whole-home water softener can quietly protect plumbing for years, which makes a sudden return of scale or weak shower pressure especially noticeable. For Rheem household units, the...
- [Ocean vs sea: What’s the difference?](https://www.argo.net/ocean-vs-sea-whats-the-difference/index.html.md): 2026-07-29 - A coastline can make a stretch of salt water look like a separate world. A bay narrows toward a harbor as waves meet the beach beneath a familiar...
- [El Niño and La Niña: What They Are and How Forecasts Work](https://www.argo.net/el-nino-la-nina-tracker/index.html.md): 2026-07-29 - A clear guide to El Niño, La Niña, ENSO monitoring, forecast probabilities, global impacts, and the limits of seasonal prediction.
- [Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice Today](https://www.argo.net/sea-ice-today/index.html.md): 2026-07-29 - Daily Arctic and Antarctic sea-ice extent from the NSIDC Sea Ice Index, with recent changes, charts, methodology, and limitations.
- [Can you swim in Crater Lake?](https://www.argo.net/can-you-swim-in-crater-lake/index.html.md): 2026-07-29 - For the 2026 season, visitors cannot swim in Crater Lake because public access to its shore is closed. Cleetwood Cove Trail, the park's only permitted public route to...
- [Natural lakes in Texas](https://www.argo.net/natural-lakes-in-texas/index.html.md): 2026-07-29 - Texas is packed with places called lakes, yet most of its big open-water destinations began with a dam. Texas's reservoir-dominated landscape makes the question of natural lakes sound...
- [Lake Victoria’s location and bordering countries](https://www.argo.net/lake-victorias-location-and-bordering-countries/index.html.md): 2026-07-29 - Water gathered at the heart of East Africa creates one of the continent's most important geographic landmarks. Lake Victoria lies near the Equator and is shared by Tanzania,...
- [How the Great Lakes formed](https://www.argo.net/how-the-great-lakes-formed/index.html.md): 2026-07-29 - Five inland seas now hold water across the heart of North America, yet their familiar outlines are the latest chapter of a much older landscape. The Great Lakes...
- [Why is Lake Erie so dangerous?](https://www.argo.net/why-is-lake-erie-so-dangerous/index.html.md): 2026-07-29 - Lake Erie can turn a simple beach day or boat ride into a demanding situation when wind, waves, water temperature, or water quality change. The lake itself is...
- [Lake vs pond: key differences](https://www.argo.net/lake-vs-pond-key-differences/index.html.md): 2026-07-29 - Water gathers in a basin and people give the place a name. A wide blue expanse may be called a pond, while a much smaller neighbor is called...
- [Lake Pontchartrain depth and deepest point](https://www.argo.net/lake-pontchartrain-depth-and-deepest-point/index.html.md): 2026-07-29 - A few feet of water shape a great deal of life around New Orleans. Lake Pontchartrain spreads across roughly 630 square miles, yet its broad floor sits close...
- [The saltiest ocean in the world](https://www.argo.net/the-saltiest-ocean-in-the-world/index.html.md): 2026-07-29 - Salt stays behind when seawater evaporates. Rain, rivers, melting ice and currents redistribute fresh water. The balance of evaporation and rainfall gives the ocean a salt map instead...
- [Are there black holes in the ocean?](https://www.argo.net/are-there-black-holes-in-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-07-28 - The short answer is no: Earth's ocean contains no astrophysical black holes. A true black hole is a cosmic object with gravity so intense that light cannot escape...
- [Do cruise ships dump waste in the ocean?](https://www.argo.net/do-cruise-ships-dump-waste-in-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-07-28 - Yes, cruise ships can discharge some material into the ocean, but each stream has its own limits. A vessel may treat, hold, transfer, or discharge material. The choice...
- [How the ocean freezes](https://www.argo.net/how-the-ocean-freezes/index.html.md): 2026-07-28 - Ocean water can freeze into a broad, floating skin called sea ice at its surface. Each polar winter, cold air pulls heat from the sea surface until crystals...
- [Why the ocean is blue](https://www.argo.net/why-the-ocean-is-blue/index.html.md): 2026-07-28 - Sunlight enters the sea as a broad mix of colors, then water begins sorting that light along its path. In clear water, the red end of the spectrum...
- [How far can you see across the ocean?](https://www.argo.net/how-far-can-you-see-across-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-07-28 - From a beach, the sea horizon often looks like a clean line drawn across the world. Its distance is much shorter than the view suggests. For an adult...
- [Why the Persian Gulf is so salty](https://www.argo.net/why-the-persian-gulf-is-so-salty/index.html.md): 2026-07-28 - Evaporation is the engine behind the Persian Gulf's remarkable saltiness. Sun and dry air remove water from the sea surface, yet leave dissolved salts behind. The remaining water...
- [Persian Gulf corals endure summers near 36 °C with a heat-tolerant algal partner limited by salinity](https://www.argo.net/persian-gulf-corals-endure-summers-near-36-c-with-a-heat-tolerant-algal-partner-limited-by-salinity/index.html.md): 2026-07-28 - Summer water near some Persian Gulf reefs can approach 36 °C, a temperature that would bleach many tropical corals. Yet reef-building corals persist in the Gulf's southern reaches....
- [Can you drink ocean water?](https://www.argo.net/can-you-drink-ocean-water/index.html.md): 2026-07-28 - Ocean water can look like an endless emergency water supply. It surrounds a boat, covers most of the planet and reaches the shore in waves. Yet a mouthful...
- [The fastest fish in the ocean](https://www.argo.net/the-fastest-fish-in-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-07-28 - Measuring an ocean fish at full sprint is a difficult scientific task. A sailfish can race through open water, turn inside a schooling fish and vanish beneath the...
- [The coldest ocean on Earth](https://www.argo.net/the-coldest-ocean-on-earth/index.html.md): 2026-07-28 - Heat escapes from the sea most efficiently near the poles, where long winter darkness, ice and frigid air keep the water close to its freezing point. The answer...
- [Iran and Oman explore a ship transit mechanism for the Strait of Hormuz](https://www.argo.net/iran-and-oman-explore-a-ship-transit-mechanism-for-the-strait-of-hormuz/index.html.md): 2026-07-28 - A diplomatic effort to restore passage through the Strait of Hormuz now centers on a practical question: how could commercial ships move safely through a waterway that has...
- [The fastest ocean current in the world](https://www.argo.net/the-fastest-ocean-current-in-the-world/index.html.md): 2026-07-28 - Wind, heat and the shape of the Atlantic basin squeeze seawater into a swift ribbon called the Gulf Stream. For the everyday question of which ocean current has...
- [Are there aliens in the ocean?](https://www.argo.net/are-there-aliens-in-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-07-27 - The ocean contains animals with transparent bodies, light-making organs, dangling tentacles and mouths that seem designed for a science-fiction set. Unfamiliar body plans can make a first encounter...
- [How many fish are in the ocean?](https://www.argo.net/how-many-fish-are-in-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-07-27 - A worldwide fish total would be a remarkable number to know. It could show the scale of life moving through the sea and give a vivid sense of...
- [10 largest animals in the ocean](https://www.argo.net/10-largest-animals-in-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-07-27 - Which living ocean animal has the greatest maximum adult mass? The blue whale leads easily, but the rest of a defensible heavyweight list is dominated by other whales....
- [How much of the ocean is undiscovered?](https://www.argo.net/how-much-of-the-ocean-is-undiscovered/index.html.md): 2026-07-27 - The ocean covers about 70% of Earth's surface, yet its hidden spaces still outnumber the places people have studied closely. The answer to how much is undiscovered depends...
- [How can water pollution be reduced?](https://www.argo.net/how-can-water-pollution-be-reduced/index.html.md): 2026-07-27 - Rain can become a fast-moving delivery system for pollution. When it lands on a forest or meadow, much of it soaks into soil. On a street or driveway,...
- [Where is most of Earth’s freshwater?](https://www.argo.net/where-is-most-of-earths-freshwater/index.html.md): 2026-07-27 - Earth's freshwater is always taking a journey. Water falls as rain or snow and seeps underground. It flows into streams, freezes at high latitudes and elevations and returns...
- [Can you swim in Lake Michigan?](https://www.argo.net/can-you-swim-in-lake-michigan/index.html.md): 2026-07-27 - Lake Michigan can be a good place to swim when the beach is open and the day's conditions are calm enough for your ability. The answer can change...
- [10 ocean predators at the top of the food chain](https://www.argo.net/10-ocean-predators-at-the-top-of-the-food-chain/index.html.md): 2026-07-27 - Which animal sits at the top of the ocean food chain? The answer changes with the place, the prey and the connections that make up a food web....
- [Aquatic food chains](https://www.argo.net/aquatic-food-chains/index.html.md): 2026-07-27 - NOAA's estuary food-pyramid material starts with a simple observation that governs ponds, rivers, marshes and seas: every bite carries energy that entered the ecosystem earlier. An aquatic food...
- [How many Great Lakes are there?](https://www.argo.net/how-many-great-lakes-are-there/index.html.md): 2026-07-27 - Five Great Lakes make up the familiar freshwater chain along the U.S.-Canada border: Superior, Michigan and Huron. Erie and Ontario complete the group. The answer matters far beyond...
- [How much water fills Earth’s oceans?](https://www.argo.net/how-much-water-fills-earths-oceans/index.html.md): 2026-07-26 - Earth looks blue from space because the ocean spreads across most of its surface and plunges for kilometers below it. That depth gives the ocean an astonishing share...
- [How deep is the ocean on average?](https://www.argo.net/how-deep-is-the-ocean-on-average/index.html.md): 2026-07-26 - The ocean's great depth makes direct observation difficult and turns detailed mapping into a long-term global challenge. Pressure rises rapidly below the surface, while darkness and distance complicate...
- [What is an oceanographer?](https://www.argo.net/what-is-an-oceanographer/index.html.md): 2026-07-26 - The ocean moves heat, salt, sediment and living things through one immense body of water. Every current, coral reef, deep canyon and coastal beach poses a different scientific...
- [Marine biome climate: temperature, rainfall and seasons](https://www.argo.net/marine-biome-climate-temperature-rainfall-and-seasons/index.html.md): 2026-07-26 - The marine biome has no single climate. Its water ranges from sun-warmed tropical surfaces to cold polar seas and deep basins that stay dark and chilly year-round. Yet...
- [Types of water pollution](https://www.argo.net/types-of-water-pollution/index.html.md): 2026-07-26 - Four broad classes of material can contaminate drinking water and the labels matter. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency groups substances in water as physical, chemical, biological, or radiological....
- [How much water is in Lake Michigan?](https://www.argo.net/how-much-water-is-in-lake-michigan/index.html.md): 2026-07-26 - Lake Michigan holds about 1,180 cubic miles of water. That equals about 4,920 cubic kilometers. The number describes a reservoir so large that it is hard to picture...
- [Are the Great Lakes connected?](https://www.argo.net/are-the-great-lakes-connected/index.html.md): 2026-07-26 - Yes. The Great Lakes form a linked freshwater system that carries water through a sequence of lakes, straits, rivers and waterfalls before it reaches the Atlantic Ocean. The...
- [What plants live in the ocean?](https://www.argo.net/what-plants-live-in-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-07-26 - To identify plants in the ocean, begin by asking whether an organism has the structures of a flowering plant. Roots and stems are important clues. Leaves, flowers and...
- [What animals live in the deepest part of the ocean?](https://www.argo.net/what-animals-live-in-the-deepest-part-of-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-07-26 - Video cameras lowered to the floor of Challenger Deep found a small and strange animal cast. Footage from a site 10,908 meters below the surface recorded shrimp-like crustaceans...
- [How deep is Lake Superior?](https://www.argo.net/how-deep-is-lake-superior/index.html.md): 2026-07-26 - Lake Superior reaches a published maximum depth of 1,332 feet, or 406 meters. That figure places the deepest water far below the surface, deeper than any point in...
- [What animals live on the beach?](https://www.argo.net/what-animals-live-on-the-beach/index.html.md): 2026-07-26 - At the edge of every wave, a busy animal community is easy to miss. Many beach residents are small, burrow quickly, or emerge after dark. Others arrive to...
- [In 1963 USS Thresher disappeared during deep-diving tests 220 miles east of Cape Cod with 129 people aboard and the loss forced the U.S. Navy to rebuild submarine safety around SUBSAFE](https://www.argo.net/in-1963-uss-thresher-disappeared-during-deep-diving-tests-220-miles-east-of-cape-cod-with-129-people-aboard-and-the-loss-forced-the-u-s-navy-to-rebuild-submarine-safety-around-subsafe/index.html.md): 2026-07-25 - One hundred twenty-nine people were aboard USS Thresher when the nuclear-powered attack submarine was lost in the Atlantic on April 10, 1963. The loss remains the deadliest accident...
- [In 1956, Marie Tharp published a hand-drawn North Atlantic seafloor map after recognizing a V-shaped rift in six depth profiles and its alignment with earthquake patterns helped reshape the evidence for a moving ocean floor](https://www.argo.net/in-1956-marie-tharp-published-a-hand-drawn-north-atlantic-seafloor-map-after-recognizing-a-v-shaped-rift-in-six-depth-profiles-and-its-alignment-with-earthquake-patterns-helped-reshape-the-evidence-f/index.html.md): 2026-07-25 - The Atlantic Ocean once hid its largest landscape in plain sight. Beneath the waves lay a long mountain chain, deep plains and a valley running along the middle...
- [Pacific Ocean: Size, depth, currents and the Ring of Fire](https://www.argo.net/pacific-ocean-size-depth-currents-and-the-ring-of-fire/index.html.md): 2026-07-25 - The Pacific Ocean covers more of Earth than any other ocean basin and its scale changes how the planet works. It holds huge stores of heat, links polar...
- [Atlantic Ocean: The growing basin that moves heat around Earth](https://www.argo.net/atlantic-ocean-the-growing-basin-that-moves-heat-around-earth/index.html.md): 2026-07-25 - The Atlantic Ocean is still growing. Along its long central ridge, pieces of Earth's crust slowly pull apart and fresh seafloor forms between them. That hidden process began...
- [Industrial fishing has been depleting midwater fish for decades](https://www.argo.net/industrial-fishing-has-been-depleting-midwater-fish-for-decades/index.html.md): 2026-07-25 - A study in Global Change Biology led by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution researchers reports that industrial fisheries have been taking large midwater fishes from the ocean's twilight zone...
- [Satellite view reveals tide-fed biodiversity in Guinea-Bissau](https://www.argo.net/satellite-view-reveals-tide-fed-biodiversity-in-guinea-bissau/index.html.md): 2026-07-25 - Eighty-eight islands and islets spread across Guinea-Bissau's coast, then seem to enlarge as the sea pulls back. A July 17 NASA Earth Observatory release uses a Landsat 8...
- [Sea level shifts north of Greenland may redirect Arctic freshwater](https://www.argo.net/sea-level-shifts-north-of-greenland-may-redirect-arctic-freshwater/index.html.md): 2026-07-25 - A 2026 study in Nature Communications finds signs that the Arctic's freshwater routes are changing. The observed signal is a rise in dynamic sea level north of Greenland,...
- [Southern Ocean surface waters are getting saltier as subtropical gyres expand](https://www.argo.net/southern-ocean-surface-waters-are-getting-saltier-as-subtropical-gyres-expand/index.html.md): 2026-07-25 - A study in Nature Communications reports a clear rise in sea-surface salinity across a broad belt of the Southern Ocean. From 2004 through 2024, the water between 40°S...
- [First close-up images reveal Shackleton’s last ship on the Labrador seafloor](https://www.argo.net/first-close-up-images-reveal-shackletons-last-ship-on-the-labrador-seafloor/index.html.md): 2026-07-25 - The stakes of a century-old expedition story have come into focus on the floor of the Labrador Sea. A July 8 announcement from the Royal Canadian Geographical Society...
- [In 1962 engineers launched a 355-foot research platform that flooded its tanks until 300 feet pointed straight down, turning FLIP into a nearly motionless ocean laboratory that served scientists for 61 years before its 2023 retirement](https://www.argo.net/in-1962-engineers-launched-a-355-foot-research-platform-that-flooded-its-tanks-until-300-feet-pointed-straight-down-turning-flip-into-a-nearly-motionless-ocean-laboratory-that-served-scientists-for-6/index.html.md): 2026-07-25 - Ocean scientists need a steady platform when their instruments are tracking faint sounds, subtle currents and the exchange between sea and sky. FLIP answered that need in an...
- [In 1974, Alvin and two French submersibles descended into the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, made 44 dives and collected 100,000 photographs and 3,000 pounds of rock while giving scientists a close view of how new ocean crust takes shape](https://www.argo.net/in-1974-alvin-and-two-french-submersibles-descended-into-the-mid-atlantic-ridge-made-44-dives-and-collected-100000-photographs-and-3000-pounds-of-rock-while-giving-scientists-a-close-view-of-how-n/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - In 1974, a deep ridge in the Atlantic became a working field site for people inside small research vehicles. Three submersibles reached the seafloor near the Azores and...
- [In 1872 HMS Challenger left Portsmouth with six scientists and 243 crew members, traveled nearly 127,000 kilometers over almost four years, made 492 depth soundings and returned with a global record that helped establish modern oceanography](https://www.argo.net/in-1872-hms-challenger-left-portsmouth-with-six-scientists-and-243-crew-members-traveled-nearly-127000-kilometers-over-almost-four-years-made-492-depth-soundings-and-returned-with-a-global-record-t/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - For nearly four years, HMS Challenger carried a small scientific team through waters that had rarely been measured beyond the surface. The converted Royal Navy corvette left Portsmouth...
- [In 1857, James Alden found a deep valley in Monterey Bay while sounding from the Coast Survey Steamer Active, revealing the first known seafloor canyon before sonar existed and giving mariners an early glimpse of the hidden terrain beneath California’s central coast](https://www.argo.net/in-1857-james-alden-found-a-deep-valley-in-monterey-bay-while-sounding-from-the-coast-survey-steamer-active-revealing-the-first-known-seafloor-canyon-before-sonar-existed-and-giving-mariners-an-earl/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - In 1857, a set of depth measurements in Monterey Bay produced a surprise that no sailor could see from the deck. James Alden, commanding the Coast Survey Steamer...
- [Indian Ocean facts](https://www.argo.net/indian-ocean-facts/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - The Indian Ocean helps set the rhythm of life for hundreds of millions of people. Its seasonal winds help shape rainfall over East Africa, the Indian subcontinent and...
- [5 bodies of water saltier than the ocean](https://www.argo.net/5-bodies-of-water-saltier-than-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - A 2017 chemical analysis reported 43.3 percent total dissolved solids in water from Gaet'ale Pond in Ethiopia's Danakil Depression. That figure sits far above the roughly 3.5 percent...
- [10 US states with the most lakes](https://www.argo.net/10-us-states-with-the-most-lakes/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - The United States holds an astonishing range of lakes, from tundra basins in Alaska to warm, shallow water in Florida. This ranking highlights ten states whose published totals...
- [10 largest man-made lakes in Canada](https://www.argo.net/10-largest-man-made-lakes-in-canada/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - From orbit, several of Canada's biggest reservoirs can look like natural inland seas. Their long shorelines and branching bays hide a more recent story. Dams, dikes and diversions...
- [10 largest lakes in Europe](https://www.argo.net/10-largest-lakes-in-europe/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - Europe's biggest inland waters gather across a broad northern arc, where ice sheets once pressed into the land and major rivers later became routes for dams. The scale...
- [In 1961 CUSS I held position in 11,673 feet of Pacific water and drilled through 558 feet of sediment into basalt, proving deep-ocean drilling could work and launching a field while Project Mohole’s goal of reaching Earth’s mantle remained out of reach](https://www.argo.net/in-1961-cuss-i-held-position-in-11673-feet-of-pacific-water-and-drilled-through-558-feet-of-sediment-into-basalt-proving-deep-ocean-drilling-could-work-and-launching-a-field-while-project-moholes/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - In 1961, a converted drilling barge named CUSS I hovered above the Pacific near Guadalupe Island, Mexico, with nearly 2.2 miles of water beneath it. The vessel drilled...
- [In 1934 William Beebe and Otis Barton descended 3,028 feet off Bermuda inside the cable-hung Bathysphere and their telephone reports of luminous animals opened a view of the deep ocean that no person had previously seen alive](https://www.argo.net/in-1934-william-beebe-and-otis-barton-descended-3028-feet-off-bermuda-inside-the-cable-hung-bathysphere-and-their-telephone-reports-of-luminous-animals-opened-a-view-of-the-deep-ocean-that-no-person/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - The stakes were plain as the small sphere dropped beneath the Atlantic off Bermuda in 1934. At 3,028 feet, the sea pressed against its hull with a force...
- [What is sargassum? The seaweed that makes a floating ocean habitat](https://www.argo.net/what-is-sargassum-the-seaweed-that-makes-a-floating-ocean-habitat/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - Ocean currents gather Sargassum into loose golden-brown rafts that drift across the sea. Each raft begins as a tangle of branches, leaflike blades and tiny round floats. Wind...
- [Upwellings bring the ocean’s deep pantry to the surface](https://www.argo.net/upwellings-bring-the-oceans-deep-pantry-to-the-surface/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - Wind along a coast can move surface water out to sea and open a path for water from far below to rise. That water carries nutrients that have...
- [Ocean gyres: Earth’s slow-moving rings that organize the sea](https://www.argo.net/ocean-gyres-earths-slow-moving-rings-that-organize-the-sea/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - Ocean gyres trace some of the largest moving patterns on Earth. From space, they resemble broad loops drawn across entire ocean basins. A bottle, a drifting buoy, or...
- [Ocean currents move heat, life and weather around Earth](https://www.argo.net/ocean-currents-move-heat-life-and-weather-around-earth/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - The ocean has invisible pathways that cross whole basins, curl along coasts and dive to the seafloor. They carry warm water away from the tropics and return colder...
- [How much plastic is in the ocean?](https://www.argo.net/how-much-plastic-is-in-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - Plastic pollution reaches far beyond a bottle floating near shore. Pieces drift across open water, settle into seafloor mud, wash onto beaches and break into fragments smaller than...
- [Summer marine heatwaves sharpen ocean productivity divide in the Southern Hemisphere](https://www.argo.net/summer-marine-heatwaves-sharpen-ocean-productivity-divide-in-the-southern-hemisphere/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - Researchers at the Second Institute of Oceanography report that the season of a marine heatwave can strongly shape the ocean's productivity response. Their study, published July 9 in...
- [NOAA opens a new pathway to deep-sea records](https://www.argo.net/noaa-opens-a-new-pathway-to-deep-sea-records/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - NOAA Ocean Exploration's July 9 announcement opens a larger window onto life far below the ocean surface. The agency has placed biological occurrence annotations from NOAA Ship Okeanos...
- [Thousands of idle ships in Hormuz raise a global bioinvasion warning](https://www.argo.net/thousands-of-idle-ships-in-hormuz-raise-a-global-bioinvasion-warning/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - A July 2026 study in Biological Invasions warns that the long lay-up of commercial ships after the Strait of Hormuz closure could create a rare chance for marine...
- [In 1947 six men left Callao on the balsa raft Kon-Tiki and crossed the Pacific for 101 days before a coral reef at Raroia ended a voyage that showed the journey was physically possible](https://www.argo.net/in-1947-six-men-left-callao-on-the-balsa-raft-kon-tiki-and-crossed-the-pacific-for-101-days-before-a-coral-reef-at-raroia-ended-a-voyage-that-showed-the-journey-was-physically-possible/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - For six men on a low raft of balsa logs, the Pacific offered no harbor, engine, or second chance. On April 28, 1947, Thor Heyerdahl and five companions...
- [In 1985 a camera sled followed Titanic’s debris trail 12,500 feet below the Atlantic after French sonar narrowed a vast search field and a single boiler seen before dawn on September 1 led the international team from Argo’s live video to the wreck](https://www.argo.net/in-1985-a-camera-sled-followed-titanics-debris-trail-12500-feet-below-the-atlantic-after-french-sonar-narrowed-a-vast-search-field-and-a-single-boiler-seen-before-dawn-on-september-1-led-the-intern/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - For 73 years, RMS Titanic lay beyond the reach of searchers in a cold, lightless part of the North Atlantic. Its final position was uncertain across a broad...
- [In 1969 six men spent more than 30 days drifting 1,444 nautical miles within the Gulf Stream aboard the Ben Franklin submarine, while Apollo 11 drew the public eye toward the Moon and the quiet voyage tested life and science in a closed vessel](https://www.argo.net/in-1969-six-men-spent-more-than-30-days-drifting-1444-nautical-miles-within-the-gulf-stream-aboard-the-ben-franklin-submarine-while-apollo-11-drew-the-public-eye-toward-the-moon-and-the-quiet-voyage/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - Thirty days inside a powerful ocean current placed six men and their research vessel in a setting that few people had ever experienced. In the summer of 1969,...
- [Continental shelves form Earth’s submerged coastal plains](https://www.argo.net/continental-shelves-form-earths-submerged-coastal-plains/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - Beneath the water beyond many coastlines lies a landscape that once belonged to dry land. It begins at the shoreline and slopes gently seaward, often so gradually that...
- [Seafloor spreading builds Earth’s vastest mountain chain](https://www.argo.net/seafloor-spreading-builds-earths-vastest-mountain-chain/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - Nearly 65,000 kilometers of underwater mountains trace the places where Earth's plates pull apart. Along this global ridge system, seafloor spreading steadily adds fresh oceanic crust. The process...
- [Ocean zones: five layers of a living vertical world](https://www.argo.net/ocean-zones-five-layers-of-a-living-vertical-world/index.html.md): 2026-07-24 - Beneath the ocean's bright surface lies a vertical world that changes dramatically with depth. Sunlight fades, water pressure rises and the animals that can survive there become very...
- [In 1960 Trieste descended nearly seven miles into Challenger Deep, heard a crack at 32,400 feet and still spent 20 minutes on the ocean floor](https://www.argo.net/in-1960-trieste-descended-nearly-seven-miles-into-challenger-deep-heard-a-crack-at-32400-feet-and-still-spent-20-minutes-on-the-ocean-floor/index.html.md): 2026-07-23 - NOAA Ocean Exploration's historical account preserves Jacques Piccard's description of the January 23, 1960 descent of the Trieste bathyscaphe to Challenger Deep. Piccard and U.S. Navy Lt. Don...
- [In 1992 nearly 29,000 bath toys fell into the North Pacific, then their years-long drift helped scientists track currents around the world](https://www.argo.net/in-1992-nearly-29000-bath-toys-fell-into-the-north-pacific-then-their-years-long-drift-helped-scientists-track-currents-around-the-world/index.html.md): 2026-07-23 - NOAA's Mapping Friendly Floatees lesson turns a 1992 cargo accident into a map of moving water. A container of almost 29,000 plastic bath toys went overboard in the...
- [In 1997 hydrophones 2,000 miles apart heard a sound across the Pacific so powerful it became the Bloop and years of Antarctic recordings eventually linked its acoustic signature to immense icebergs cracking and breaking apart](https://www.argo.net/in-1997-hydrophones-2000-miles-apart-heard-a-sound-across-the-pacific-so-powerful-it-became-the-bloop-and-years-of-antarctic-recordings-eventually-linked-its-acoustic-signature-to-immense-icebergs-cr/index.html.md): 2026-07-23 - NOAA's account of the 1997 Bloop begins with a listening network that captured remote acoustic evidence. Researchers using underwater microphones in the southern Pacific caught an exceptionally strong...
- [In 1977 scientists descended to the Galapagos Rift and found a deep-sea ecosystem living without sunlight, rewriting the rules of life on Earth](https://www.argo.net/in-1977-scientists-descended-to-the-galapagos-rift-and-found-a-deep-sea-ecosystem-living-without-sunlight-rewriting-the-rules-of-life-on-earth/index.html.md): 2026-07-23 - The 1977 Galápagos Hydrothermal Expedition sent geologists into a dark stretch of Pacific seafloor and revealed warm, mineral-rich water escaping from fresh lava. Around those openings, the team...
- [In 1968 Alvin sank 5,000 feet with lunch still inside and when the submersible was recovered 10 months later the sandwich was still edible](https://www.argo.net/in-1968-alvin-sank-5000-feet-with-lunch-still-inside-and-when-the-submersible-was-recovered-10-months-later-the-sandwich-was-still-edible/index.html.md): 2026-07-23 - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution records an unlikely result from a 1968 accident: the research submersible Alvin sat on the seafloor for 10 months with a bologna sandwich in...
- [11 countries with coasts on both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans](https://www.argo.net/11-countries-with-coasts-on-both-the-atlantic-and-pacific-oceans/index.html.md): 2026-07-23 - The International Hydrographic Organization maintains a standard for naming and dividing oceans and seas. That standard helps explain why 11 countries can be counted as having Atlantic and...
- [Why the Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean](https://www.argo.net/why-the-indian-ocean-is-the-warmest-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-07-23 - Sunlight warms the ocean surface most strongly near the Equator and the NOAA scientific report identifies the tropical Indian Ocean as having the warmest surface waters among the...
- [The ocean conveyor belt moves heat, salt and nutrients around Earth](https://www.argo.net/the-ocean-conveyor-belt-moves-heat-salt-and-nutrients-around-earth/index.html.md): 2026-07-23 - NOAA's ocean conveyor overview describes a hidden system that links chilly northern seas to waters thousands of miles away. This slow, globe-spanning movement redistributes key properties through the...
- [What is the Coriolis effect and why does it shape ocean currents?](https://www.argo.net/what-is-the-coriolis-effect-and-why-does-it-shape-ocean-currents/index.html.md): 2026-07-23 - NOAA's National Ocean Service explains that the Coriolis effect curves the paths of moving air and water as Earth turns. That curve helps organize broad wind belts, storm...
- [How many oceans are there on Earth?](https://www.argo.net/how-many-oceans-are-there-on-earth/index.html.md): 2026-07-23 - NOAA's Ocean Service describes Earth as one connected global ocean that is usually divided into five named ocean basins. Their names are Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic and Southern....
- [11 strange Pacific Ocean finds, formations, and phenomena](https://www.argo.net/11-strange-pacific-ocean-finds-formations-and-phenomena/index.html.md): 2026-07-22 - NOAA Ocean Exploration identified the much-discussed golden orb found near Alaska in 2026 as the basal remnant of the giant anemone Relicanthus daphneae. That answer captures the appeal...
- [Countries with the longest coastlines: why rankings differ](https://www.argo.net/countries-with-the-longest-coastlines-why-rankings-differ/index.html.md): 2026-07-22 - A World Bank report presents one country table for coastline length and credits The World Factbook for its figures. Using that single Factbook-cited table keeps the full top-ten...
- [Earth’s five oceans ranked by size](https://www.argo.net/earths-five-oceans-ranked-by-size/index.html.md): 2026-07-22 - The NOAA Ocean Service describes one connected body of seawater divided into five named ocean basins. The Pacific comes first and the Arctic comes last. The Atlantic, Indian...
- [Ocean chemistry is reshaping the planet’s carbon conveyor](https://www.argo.net/ocean-chemistry-is-reshaping-the-planets-carbon-conveyor/index.html.md): 2026-07-22 - A 2025 NOAA analysis in Global Biogeochemical Cycles found signs that ocean acidification is changing a feedback in the global carbon cycle. The result matters because the sea...
- [Ocean dead zones form when oxygen runs out](https://www.argo.net/ocean-dead-zones-form-when-oxygen-runs-out/index.html.md): 2026-07-22 - NOAA describes hypoxia as water with too little dissolved oxygen to support many marine animals. In coastal areas, this oxygen loss can create an ocean dead zone, a...
- [Ocean acidification is changing the chemistry that builds shells](https://www.argo.net/ocean-acidification-is-changing-the-chemistry-that-builds-shells/index.html.md): 2026-07-22 - NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program tracks a quiet chemical shift across the sea. As the ocean absorbs more carbon dioxide from the air, seawater holds more hydrogen ions and...
- [Hydrothermal vents turn seafloor cracks into deep-ocean oases](https://www.argo.net/hydrothermal-vents-turn-seafloor-cracks-into-deep-ocean-oases/index.html.md): 2026-07-22 - NOAA Ocean Service describes hydrothermal vents as places where seawater enters cracks in the ocean crust, heats underground and rises back to the seafloor. The process can create...
- [Ocean trenches form where Earth’s crust bends and sinks](https://www.argo.net/ocean-trenches-form-where-earths-crust-bends-and-sinks/index.html.md): 2026-07-22 - NOAA's NCEI describes the Mariana Trench as the product of a slow collision between ocean plates. One plate bends, then descends into Earth's mantle, drawing the edge of...
- [How ocean currents steer climate around the world](https://www.argo.net/how-ocean-currents-steer-climate-around-the-world/index.html.md): 2026-07-22 - NOAA Ocean Service explains that ocean currents move seawater from place to place and help regulate climate by carrying warm water away from the Equator and cold water...
- [10 largest lakes in North America, ranked by surface area](https://www.argo.net/10-largest-lakes-in-north-america-ranked-by-surface-area/index.html.md): 2026-07-21 - Environment Canada tracks a striking concentration of enormous lakes across North America. Several stretch beyond the horizon like inland seas. Together, they store water, shape weather, support wildlife...
- [How the Moon and Sun pull Earth’s oceans into a tidal rhythm](https://www.argo.net/how-the-moon-and-sun-pull-earths-oceans-into-a-tidal-rhythm/index.html.md): 2026-07-20 - NOAA's National Ocean Service explains in its tides overview how gravity turns entire oceans into slow-moving waves. This regular rise and fall shapes coastal ecosystems, changes water depths...
- [Ten of Asia’s largest lakes, from the Caspian Sea to Lake Van](https://www.argo.net/ten-of-asias-largest-lakes-from-the-caspian-sea-to-lake-van/index.html.md): 2026-07-20 - At about 386,400 square kilometers, the Caspian Sea covers more surface than the other nine lakes in this selection combined. Asia's largest inland waters extend from Arctic tundra...
- [Chile’s first floating solar salmon pen is projected to supply 57% of a remote fish farm’s energy while cutting diesel use](https://www.argo.net/chiles-first-floating-solar-salmon-pen-is-projected-to-supply-57-of-a-remote-fish-farms-energy-while-cutting-diesel-use/index.html.md): 2026-07-14 - Mowi Chile has launched the country's first floating solar pen at its Huar Norte salmon farm. The marine energy system combines photovoltaic panels with batteries and power controls....
- [The 10 largest freshwater lakes in the world](https://www.argo.net/the-10-largest-freshwater-lakes-in-the-world/index.html.md): 2026-07-14 - The HydroSHEDS HydroLAKES database reveals the extraordinary scale of Earth's inland waters. Its global inventory maps about 1.4 million lakes and reservoirs. It also provides a consistent scientific...
- [Fossil mussels reveal dinosaur-age babies still tucked inside their mothers’ gills](https://www.argo.net/fossil-mussels-reveal-dinosaur-age-babies-still-tucked-inside-their-mothers-gills/index.html.md): 2026-07-14 - A study in Scientific Reports has uncovered fossil evidence of maternal care in freshwater mussels from the Early Cretaceous. The fossils, found on the Isle of Wight, preserve...
- [The ocean produces roughly half of Earth’s oxygen through microscopic phytoplankton, while mature rainforests consume most of what they make and the atmosphere stores the legacy of photosynthesis over hundreds of millions of years](https://www.argo.net/the-ocean-produces-roughly-half-of-earths-oxygen-through-microscopic-phytoplankton-while-mature-rainforests-consume-most-of-what-they-make-and-the-atmosphere-stores-the-legacy-of-photosynthesis-ove/index.html.md): 2026-07-13 - NOAA's official assessment addresses a deceptively simple question: Where does Earth's oxygen come from? Scientists estimate that roughly half of the planet's annual oxygen production occurs in the...
- [Greenland sharks can live for roughly 400 years, longer than any other known vertebrate and a near-complete genome mapped in 2026 reveals DNA repair and chromatin stability alongside immune defenses and cancer resistance, molecular systems that may keep individuals born around Shakespeare’s lifetime still swimming in cold Arctic waters after nearly four centuries of life](https://www.argo.net/greenland-sharks-can-live-for-roughly-400-years-longer-than-any-other-known-vertebrate-and-a-near-complete-genome-mapped-in-2026-reveals-dna-repair-and-chromatin-stability-alongside-immune-defenses-a/index.html.md): 2026-07-13 - A PNAS study led by researchers at the University of Tokyo has produced a chromosome-scale map of the Greenland shark genome. The assembly covers an estimated 96.7 percent...
- [31 strange new species discovered in just two weeks off Brazil](https://www.argo.net/31-strange-new-species-discovered-in-just-two-weeks-off-brazil/index.html.md): 2026-07-13 - Schmidt Ocean Institute announced 31 previously undescribed marine species from a two-week expedition off Brazil, a rapid burst of discovery from one of Earth's least familiar habitats. The...
- [For 400 years, sailors reported ghostly white seas across the Indian Ocean and a new database combining ship logs with satellite imagery suggests climate patterns may help predict when trillions of microscopic bacteria could switch on a glow vast enough to be seen from space](https://www.argo.net/for-400-years-sailors-reported-ghostly-white-seas-across-the-indian-ocean-and-a-new-database-combining-ship-logs-with-satellite-imagery-suggests-climate-patterns-may-help-predict-when-trillions-of-mi/index.html.md): 2026-07-10 - Researchers at Colorado State University and the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere have assembled four centuries of reports about one of the ocean's rarest spectacles. Their...
- [A 2015 expedition found silky sharks and scalloped hammerheads inside Kavachi’s active submarine crater in the Solomon Islands, where warm, acidic, particle-filled plumes from a volcano with at least 39 recorded eruptions since 1939 reveal how a shallow, rapidly mixed “sharkcano” can offer large predators brief access to a food-rich habitat amid recurring violent disturbance](https://www.argo.net/a-2015-expedition-found-silky-sharks-and-scalloped-hammerheads-inside-kavachis-active-submarine-crater-in-the-solomon-islands-where-warm-acidic-particle-filled-plumes-from-a-volcano-with-at-least/index.html.md): 2026-07-10 - A 2016 Oceanography study documented sharks and other marine life inside the active crater of the Kavachi submarine volcano in the Solomon Islands. Cameras lowered into the crater...
- [Fossil jaws reveal a 62-foot Cretaceous predator that may have ruled ancient seas](https://www.argo.net/fossil-jaws-reveal-a-62-foot-cretaceous-predator-that-may-have-ruled-ancient-seas/index.html.md): 2026-07-08 - A study in Science has put a surprising new contender near the top of the Cretaceous ocean food chain. Researchers studying fossilized jaws from Japan and Canada report...
- [Ancient life left wrinkles in deep ocean rocks where sunlight could not reach](https://www.argo.net/ancient-life-left-wrinkles-in-deep-ocean-rocks-where-sunlight-could-not-reach/index.html.md): 2026-07-07 - Researchers at UT Austin have reported fossilized microbial wrinkle structures in 180-million-year-old deep-water rocks from Morocco, pointing to ancient life that may have flourished in darkness. The finding,...
- [Seawater carbon removal can backfire when alkalinity is pushed too far](https://www.argo.net/seawater-carbon-removal-can-backfire-when-alkalinity-is-pushed-too-far/index.html.md): 2026-07-06 - A study in Frontiers tested three levels of added alkalinity in seawater and found a sharp chemical boundary for a proposed ocean-based carbon removal method. Researchers led by...
- [Hawaii’s ocean plastic may soon pave stronger roads](https://www.argo.net/hawaiis-ocean-plastic-may-soon-pave-stronger-roads/index.html.md): 2026-07-06 - Researchers at the Center for Marine Debris Research at Hawaiʻi Pacific University have presented early results showing that discarded fishing nets and household plastic waste can be blended...
- [Scientists find a hidden freshwater system beneath the Great Salt Lake](https://www.argo.net/scientists-find-a-hidden-freshwater-system-beneath-the-great-salt-lake/index.html.md): 2026-07-04 - A study in Scientific Reports has brought a hidden water puzzle beneath Utah's Great Salt Lake into sharper view. Researchers led by University of Utah geophysicists used airborne...
- [Ancient Caribbean sponge may have filtered seawater for 2,300 years](https://www.argo.net/ancient-caribbean-sponge-may-have-filtered-seawater-for-2300-years/index.html.md): 2026-07-03 - A Marine Biology study found that the Caribbean giant barrel sponge can grow so slowly that some individuals may live for thousands of years. Using repeated photographs and...
- [America’s lithium boom may hit a water wall, study warns](https://www.argo.net/americas-lithium-boom-may-hit-a-water-wall-study-warns/index.html.md): 2026-07-03 - A study in Communications Earth & Environment has found that water scarcity could limit the United States' effort to expand domestic lithium mining by mid-century. The research examined...
- [Scientists discover a new shark that walks across shallow reefs](https://www.argo.net/scientists-discover-a-new-shark-that-walks-across-shallow-reefs/index.html.md): 2026-07-03 - Researchers led by the University of the Sunshine Coast have identified a new species of walking shark from shallow reefs in southeastern Papua New Guinea, according to a...
- [Two humpback whales shattered migration records between Australia and Brazil](https://www.argo.net/two-humpback-whales-shattered-migration-records-between-australia-and-brazil/index.html.md): 2026-07-02 - A study in Royal Society Open Science has found that two humpback whales made extraordinary journeys between breeding grounds in eastern Australia and Brazil. The whales were recognized...
- [180-million-year-old sea dragon found in mud reveals Britain’s largest ichthyosaur skeleton](https://www.argo.net/180-million-year-old-sea-dragon-found-in-mud-reveals-britains-largest-ichthyosaur-skeleton/index.html.md): 2026-07-02 - A study in Proceedings of the Geologists' Association describes a 10-meter marine reptile skeleton from Rutland Water Nature Reserve as the largest ichthyosaur skeleton ever found in the...
- [Released goldfish can push entire lake ecosystems into trouble](https://www.argo.net/released-goldfish-can-push-entire-lake-ecosystems-into-trouble/index.html.md): 2026-07-02 - A study in the Journal of Animal Ecology warns that released goldfish can rapidly damage freshwater ecosystems, with effects that reach from murky water to shrinking populations of...
- [A ghost great white shark reopens a 160-year Mediterranean mystery](https://www.argo.net/a-ghost-great-white-shark-reopens-a-160-year-mediterranean-mystery/index.html.md): 2026-07-01 - A 2026 study in Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria has turned one accidental catch into a renewed scientific search for one of the Mediterranean Sea's most elusive predators. Researchers...
- [Sperm whales in the Mediterranean are evolving two dialects](https://www.argo.net/sperm-whales-in-the-mediterranean-are-evolving-two-dialects/index.html.md): 2026-07-01 - A study in Proceedings of the Royal Society B has found that sperm whales in the Mediterranean Sea appear to be splitting into two vocal dialect groups, offering...
- [Invasive fish may win by holding onto omega-3](https://www.argo.net/invasive-fish-may-win-by-holding-onto-omega-3/index.html.md): 2026-06-30 - A study in Communications Earth & Environment found that invasive cichlids in southern China can shift toward poorer food while keeping key omega-3 fatty acids in their tissues...
- [2-billion-year-old water is still flowing beneath a Canadian mine](https://www.argo.net/2-billion-year-old-water-is-still-flowing-beneath-a-canadian-mine/index.html.md): 2026-06-30 - A study in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta traced ancient fracture water nearly 3 kilometers below Kidd Creek Mine in Ontario, where noble gases revealed a deep groundwater system...
- [Frozen Arctic rivers could power hundreds of remote communities](https://www.argo.net/frozen-arctic-rivers-could-power-hundreds-of-remote-communities/index.html.md): 2026-06-30 - A study in Nature Communications found that river turbines could help remote northern communities cut diesel use, even where long winters and frozen channels make renewable energy planning...
- [Ocean warming crossed 1.5°C and marine life was disrupted all year](https://www.argo.net/ocean-warming-crossed-1-5c-and-marine-life-was-disrupted-all-year/index.html.md): 2026-06-29 - A study in One Earth led by researchers at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology has captured a troubling global picture of marine life during the first...
- [Artificial light is stealing sleep from coral reef fish](https://www.argo.net/artificial-light-is-stealing-sleep-from-coral-reef-fish/index.html.md): 2026-06-29 - A study in Current Biology has found that artificial light spilling into coastal waters can disrupt sleep in coral reef fish, change their nighttime behavior and leave biological...
- [Antarctica’s ice loss just became easier to predict](https://www.argo.net/antarcticas-ice-loss-just-became-easier-to-predict/index.html.md): 2026-06-28 - Researchers at Monash University have found that Antarctica's current ice loss can reveal how much the continent is likely to add to sea levels over the next 30...
- [Brown lakes are shifting the balance between trout, bass, pike and walleye](https://www.argo.net/brown-lakes-are-shifting-the-balance-between-trout-bass-pike-and-walleye/index.html.md): 2026-06-27 - A study in Biological Reviews has found that freshwater browning is reshaping fish communities in northern lakes. The research links darker water with slower growth in many fish...
- [Melting Arctic icebergs are seeding the deep sea with rocky homes](https://www.argo.net/melting-arctic-icebergs-are-seeding-the-deep-sea-with-rocky-homes/index.html.md): 2026-06-27 - A study in Nature has uncovered a hidden Arctic chain reaction: debris-filled icebergs are carrying rocks away from melting glaciers and dropping them onto the deep seafloor, where...
- [NASA satellite spots a giant Pacific wave as El Niño gathers strength](https://www.argo.net/nasa-satellite-spots-a-giant-pacific-wave-as-el-nino-gathers-strength/index.html.md): 2026-06-27 - NASA Earth Observatory has revealed a striking ocean signal in the equatorial Pacific, where the Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich satellite detected a vast band of higher sea level tied...
- [Planting Trees Could Quietly Drain Water in a Hotter World](https://www.argo.net/planting-trees-could-quietly-drain-water-in-a-hotter-world/index.html.md): 2026-06-24 - A study in One Earth found that the same large-scale reforestation effort can push global water availability in opposite directions depending on future warming. Under milder warming, forests...
- [Beavers Are Secret Carbon Hoarders, New Study Finds They Stored 26% of a Stream’s Carbon](https://www.argo.net/beavers-are-secret-carbon-hoarders-new-study-finds-they-stored-26-of-a-streams-carbon/index.html.md): 2026-06-24 - A study in Communications Earth & Environment found that beavers can turn a stream corridor into a persistent carbon sink, after researchers measured how carbon moved through a...
- [Arctic Deltas Hold 63 Billion Tons of Frozen Carbon, Study Finds](https://www.argo.net/arctic-deltas-hold-63-billion-tons-of-frozen-carbon-study-finds/index.html.md): 2026-06-23 - A study in Nature Communications found that Arctic river deltas hold a vast frozen reservoir of organic carbon and nitrogen. The international team estimates that these low-lying landscapes...
- [Japan Just Pulled Rare Earth Mud From Nearly 6,000 Meters Under the Pacific](https://www.argo.net/japan-just-pulled-rare-earth-mud-from-nearly-6000-meters-under-the-pacific/index.html.md): 2026-06-22 - Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology has reported a rare deep-sea technology test near Minamitori Island, where the scientific drilling vessel Chikyu recovered mineral-rich sediment during a...
- [Endangered Arabian Sea Humpback Whale Makes First Recorded Crossing to India](https://www.argo.net/endangered-arabian-sea-humpback-whale-makes-first-recorded-crossing-to-india/index.html.md): 2026-06-19 - A study in Frontiers in Marine Science has tracked one of the world's most unusual whale populations in new detail, revealing that Arabian Sea humpback whales usually remain...
- [Deep-Sea Isopod Can Survive More Than 5 Years Without Food, and Scientists Found the Survival System](https://www.argo.net/deep-sea-isopod-can-survive-more-than-5-years-without-food-and-scientists-found-the-survival-system/index.html.md): 2026-06-19 - A study in Cell has revealed how a giant deep-sea isopod can survive more than five years without eating. Researchers linked this rare endurance to a two-part survival...
- [NSF Reverses Ocean Sensor Cuts After Scientists Warned of a Climate Data Blind Spot](https://www.argo.net/nsf-reverses-ocean-sensor-cuts-after-scientists-warned-of-a-climate-data-blind-spot/index.html.md): 2026-06-19 - The U.S. National Science Foundation has reversed course on a plan that would have sharply reduced parts of the Ocean Observatories Initiative, a major ocean-monitoring network used by...
- [Rivers in the Sky May Be Quietly Shaping Deadly Ocean Heatwaves](https://www.argo.net/rivers-in-the-sky-may-be-quietly-shaping-deadly-ocean-heatwaves/index.html.md): 2026-06-19 - A study in Nature Communications found that atmospheric rivers, long bands of moisture that stream across the sky, can help shape marine heatwaves in the North Pacific and...
- [Century-Old Bomb Lance Fragment Found in Bowhead Whale Revealed Its Astonishing Age](https://www.argo.net/century-old-bomb-lance-fragment-found-in-bowhead-whale-revealed-its-astonishing-age/index.html.md): 2026-06-17 - A study in Polar Biology found that historical weapon fragments recovered from bowhead whales can help scientists estimate the animals' remarkable lifespans. One fragment, found in a bowhead...
- [Ocean Heatwaves Are Hiding a Much Longer Warm Spell, New Study Finds](https://www.argo.net/ocean-heatwaves-are-hiding-a-much-longer-warm-spell-new-study-finds/index.html.md): 2026-06-17 - A study in Communications Earth & Environment has revealed a hidden part of marine heatwaves along U.S. coastlines. The extreme days that appear on official charts are often...
- [Scientists Discover a 5.3-Million-Year-Old Whale Graveyard 23,000 Feet Under the Indian Ocean](https://www.argo.net/scientists-discover-a-5-3-million-year-old-whale-graveyard-23000-feet-under-the-indian-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-06-15 - A study in Nature has revealed a vast whale graveyard deep in the southeastern Indian Ocean. Researchers led by Xiaotong Peng of the Institute of Deep-sea Science and...
- [Icebergs Are Rewiring Arctic Seafloor Life as Greenland’s Glaciers Shed More Ice](https://www.argo.net/icebergs-are-rewiring-arctic-seafloor-life-as-greenlands-glaciers-shed-more-ice/index.html.md): 2026-06-15 - A study in Nature found that climate-driven iceberg traffic is carrying the effects of warming glaciers into deep Arctic ecosystems. The work links glacier change near the surface...
- [Scientists Have Precisely Mapped Just 28% of Earth’s Ocean Floor](https://www.argo.net/scientists-have-precisely-mapped-just-28-of-earths-ocean-floor/index.html.md): 2026-06-15 - The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project has put a stark number on one of Earth science's biggest blind spots: only 28% of the ocean floor has been mapped...
- [Warmer Oceans Are Making North Atlantic Hurricanes Wetter and Slower, Study Finds](https://www.argo.net/warmer-oceans-are-making-north-atlantic-hurricanes-wetter-and-slower-study-finds/index.html.md): 2026-06-14 - A study in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science has found that warmer North Atlantic conditions are linked to wetter tropical cyclones, broader heavy-rain areas and slower storm movement...
- [Tiny 436-Million-Year-Old Fish Reveals the Oldest Bony Fish Skeleton Ever Found](https://www.argo.net/tiny-436-million-year-old-fish-reveals-the-oldest-bony-fish-skeleton-ever-found/index.html.md): 2026-06-14 - A study in Nature led by researchers at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, describes a tiny fossil fish from South China that...
- [Mangroves: Protecting Coasts and Sustaining Life](https://www.argo.net/mangroves-protecting-coasts-and-sustaining-life/index.html.md): 2026-04-25 - Mangrove forests might not look impressive at first. Their tangled roots rise out of muddy, dark water and their thick trunks crowd the shoreline. The air is hot,...
- [How Whales Shape Ocean Ecosystems](https://www.argo.net/how-whales-shape-ocean-ecosystems/index.html.md): 2026-04-25 - When a whale surfaces from the dark water and breathes into the open air, it may seem like just a brief moment in a vast, empty sea. In...
- [Why Coastal Cities Changed Human History](https://www.argo.net/why-coastal-cities-changed-human-history/index.html.md): 2026-04-25 - Stand on a shoreline and the logic of a city begins to feel almost inevitable. A coast is more than a boundary - it is a threshold. It...
- [How Ocean Air Can Affect the Human Body](https://www.argo.net/how-ocean-air-can-affect-the-human-body/index.html.md): 2026-04-25 - Stand near the shoreline for even a minute and your body registers the change almost immediately. The air feels heavier with moisture. Your lips catch a trace of...
- [What Seaweed Reveals About Eating Healthy](https://www.argo.net/what-seaweed-reveals-about-eating-healthy/index.html.md): 2026-04-21 - For years, seaweed has been arranged in dark green ribbons on rice, folded around sushi, dipped into soup, or left on the plate's edge. It is now gaining...
- [Volcanoes Beneath the Sea Form New Land](https://www.argo.net/volcanoes-beneath-the-sea-form-new-land/index.html.md): 2026-04-21 - Far beneath the ocean's surface, hidden from view, powerful forces are constantly reshaping our planet. Most of Earth's volcanic activity happens out of sight, deep under the ocean....
- [Why Some Coastlines Wear Away Faster Than Others](https://www.argo.net/why-some-coastlines-wear-away-faster-than-others/index.html.md): 2026-04-21 - Stand on two beaches just a few miles apart and the contrast can be striking. One may look wide, calm and stable, while the other shows crumbling cliffs,...
- [Why Some Deep-Sea Animals Glow in the Dark](https://www.argo.net/why-some-deep-sea-animals-glow-in-the-dark/index.html.md): 2026-04-21 - The ocean remains a place where eyes stays essential far beneath the reach of daylight. In the darkness, animals make their own light. The sea holds the great...
- [What Causes Ocean Waters to Rise From Below](https://www.argo.net/what-causes-ocean-waters-to-rise-from-below/index.html.md): 2026-04-20 - The ocean may look calm on the surface, but beneath it lies a dynamic world of constant motion. Water doesn't just move across the seas. Some currents travel...
- [How Ocean Currents Help Regulate Earth’s Climate](https://www.argo.net/how-ocean-currents-help-regulate-earths-climate/index.html.md): 2026-04-20 - Earth's climate is always moving. The tropics get strong sunlight, while the poles lose more heat than they receive. The planet stays balanced because air and ocean water...
- [What Makes Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents So Unusual?](https://www.argo.net/what-makes-deep-sea-hydrothermal-vents-so-unusual/index.html.md): 2026-04-19 - Far below the reach of sunlight, the seafloor can split open and release jets of mineral-rich water into the dark. Around those openings, called deep-sea hydrothermal vents, the...
- [What Happens When Coral Reefs Begin to Dissolve](https://www.argo.net/what-happens-when-coral-reefs-begin-to-dissolve/index.html.md): 2026-04-19 - Coral reefs look solid, almost permanent. From a distance they seem like underwater stone cities, full of color and motion, built to last for ages. Yet their strength...
- [How Microplastics Mix With Pollution in the Ocean](https://www.argo.net/how-microplastics-mix-with-pollution-in-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-04-19 - The ocean is full of motion. Currents sweep across basins, waves grind coastlines and tiny fragments of human-made material drift through it all. Some of those fragments are...
- [Why Heavy Metals Build Up in Ocean Food Chains](https://www.argo.net/why-heavy-metals-build-up-in-ocean-food-chains/index.html.md): 2026-04-19 - The ocean has a quiet way of concentrating trouble. Tiny traces of metal can drift through water at levels so low they seem almost meaningless, then end up...
- [How Extra Nutrients Trigger Algal Blooms](https://www.argo.net/how-extra-nutrients-trigger-algal-blooms/index.html.md): 2026-04-19 - A slick of bright green on a lake can look almost unreal. Seen from shore it can pass for paint, pollen, or a strange summer stain. In water,...
- [Why Some Coastal Waters Turn Green or Red](https://www.argo.net/why-some-coastal-waters-turn-green-or-red/index.html.md): 2026-04-18 - Seen from a beach, coastal water can look like it changes moods overnight. One week it glows blue-green in the sun. A few days later it turns murky...
- [Why Is the Ocean Salty?](https://www.argo.net/why-is-the-ocean-salty/index.html.md): 2026-04-18 - Take a sip of seawater and your mouth gets the answer before your brain does. The ocean holds a huge load of dissolved minerals and that gives it...
- [How Rising Acidity Changes Ocean Water](https://www.argo.net/how-rising-acidity-changes-ocean-water/index.html.md): 2026-04-18 - The ocean looks steady from the shore. Under the surface, though, it is constantly trading gases with the air above it. That exchange has always been part of...
- [What Low Oxygen Does in the Sea](https://www.argo.net/what-low-oxygen-does-in-the-sea/index.html.md): 2026-04-18 - The sea looks full of motion. Waves roll. Fish flash by. Plankton bloom and vanish. Beneath all that movement sits a quiet requirement, dissolved oxygen. Every breathless patch...
- [How Carbon Moves Between the Air and the Ocean](https://www.argo.net/how-carbon-moves-between-the-air-and-the-ocean/index.html.md): 2026-04-18 - Every day, the planet runs a huge exchange program at the sea surface. Carbon slips out of the air, into the ocean, back to the air again and...